Integrated Circuits (Chips) with details of some series ICs ~ आफुलाई मन परेको गीत download गर्नु होस्

<br /> </div><h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red;">Integrated Circuits (Chips)</span></h1><div style="text-align: justify;"><small><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#pins"><br /> Pin numbers</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#holders">IC holders</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#static">Static</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#datasheets">Datasheets</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource"> Sinking/sourcing</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#combining"> Combining outputs</a> | <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#555">555 and 556 Timers</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#logic">Logic ICs</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#4000">4000 Series</a> |<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#74">74 Series</a> | <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#pic">PIC microcontrollers</a></small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Also see: <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm">4000 <br /> Series ICs</a> | <br /> 74 Series ICs | 555 and <br /> 556 Timer Circuits <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Integrated Circuits are usually called ICs or chips. They are complex <br /> circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon). The <br /> chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1" (2.54mm) grid <br /> which will fit the holes on stripboard and breadboards. Very fine wires inside <br /> the package link the chip to the pins. <br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/icpins.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img align="right" alt="IC pin numbers" border="0" height="93" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/icpins.gif" width="218" /></a><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <br /> </div><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Pin numbers</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC (chip) <br /> starting near the notch or dot. The diagram shows the numbering for 8-pin and <br /> 14-pin ICs, but the principle is the same for all sizes. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><h3 style="text-align: justify;">IC holders (DIL sockets)</h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><img align="right" alt="IC holder (DIL socket)" border="0" height="56" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/holder.gif" vspace="10" width="66" />ICs (chips) are easily damaged by heat when soldering and their short pins <br /> cannot be protected with a heat sink. Instead we use an IC holder, strictly <br /> called a DIL socket (DIL = Dual In-Line), which can be safely soldered onto the <br /> circuit board. The IC is pushed into the holder when all soldering is complete.<br /> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">IC holders are only needed when soldering so they are not used on <br /> breadboards. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small>Commercially produced circuit boards often have ICs soldered directly <br /> to the board without an IC holder, usually this is done by a machine which is <br /> able to work very quickly. Please don't attempt to do this yourself because you <br /> are likely to destroy the IC and it will be difficult to remove without damage <br /> by de-soldering.</small> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><h4 style="text-align: justify;">Removing an IC from its holder</h4><div style="text-align: justify;">If you need to remove an IC it can be gently prised out of <br /> the holder with a small flat-blade screwdriver. Carefully lever up each end by <br /> inserting the screwdriver blade between the IC and its holder and gently <br /> twisting the screwdriver. Take care to start lifting at both ends before you <br /> attempt to remove the IC, otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins.<br /> <br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Static precautions<img align="left" alt="Antistatic bags for ICs" border="0" height="114" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/photos/rapid/icbags.jpg" vspace="10" width="156" /></h3><div style="text-align: justify;">Many ICs are <b>static sensitive</b> and can be damaged when <br /> you touch them because your body may have become charged with static <br /> electricity, from your clothes for example. Static sensitive ICs will be <br /> supplied in antistatic packaging with a warning label and they should be left in <br /> this packaging until you are ready to use them. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is usually adequate to earth your hands by touching a <br /> metal water pipe or window frame before handling the IC but for the more <br /> sensitive (and expensive!) ICs special equipment is available, including earthed <br /> wrist straps and earthed work surfaces. You can make an earthed work surface <br /> with a sheet of aluminium kitchen foil and using a crocodile clip to connect the <br /> foil to a metal water pipe or window frame with a 10k<img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" width="12" /> <br /> Antistatic bags for ICs <br /> resistor in series. <br /> <br /> <small>Photograph © <a href="http://www.rapidonline.com/" target="_blank">Rapid <br /> Electronics</a></small> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><table border="1" height="81" id="table7" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /> <div align="justify"><b>PDF files</b><br /> <b><br /> </b><br /> <b><small>To view and print PDF files you need an Acrobat Reader which may <br /> be downloaded free for<br /> <a href="http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/acwin.htm" target="_blank"><br /> Windows</a>,<br /> <a href="http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/acrmac.htm" target="_blank"><br /> Mac</a>, <a href="http://www.pdf.iconbar.com/" target="_blank">RISC OS</a>, <br /> or<br /> <a href="http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/acrunix.htm" target="_blank"><br /> UNIX/Linux</a> computers. If you are not sure which type of computer you <br /> have it is probably Windows.</small></b><br /> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Datasheets</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">Datasheets are available for most ICs giving detailed <br /> information about their ratings and functions. In some cases example circuits <br /> are shown. The large amount of information with symbols and abbreviations can <br /> make datasheets seem overwhelming to a beginner, but they are worth reading as <br /> you become more confident because they contain a great deal of useful <br /> information for more experienced users designing and testing circuits. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Datasheets</b> are available as PDF files from: <br /> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><a href="http://www.datasheetarchive.com/" target="_blank"><br /> DatasheetArchive.com</a> </li> <li><a href="http://www.datasheets.org.uk/" target="_blank"><br /> Datasheets.org.uk</a> </li> <li><a href="http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/" target="_blank"><br /> DatasheetCatalog.com</a><br /> </li> </ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><div style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" alt="sinking and sourcing current" border="0" height="303" hspace="20" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/sinksrce.gif" width="170" /><br /> </div><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Sinking and sourcing current</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">IC outputs are often said to 'sink' or 'source' current. The terms refer to the <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">direction of the current at the IC's output.<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">If the IC is <b>sinking current</b> it is flowing <b>into the output</b>. <br /> This means that a device connected between the positive supply (+Vs) and the IC <br /> output will be switched <b>on when the output is low (0V)</b>. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">If the IC is <b>sourcing current</b> it is flowing <b>out of the output</b>. <br /> This means that a device connected between the IC output and the negative supply <br /> (0V) will be switched <b>on when the output is high (+Vs)</b>. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is possible to connect two devices to an IC output so that one is on when <br /> the output is low and the other is on when the output is high. This arrangement <br /> is used in the <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/levelc.htm"><br /> Level Crossing</a> project to make the red LEDs flash alternately. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The maximum sinking and sourcing currents for an IC output are usually the <br /> same but there are some exceptions, for example<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#74">74LS TTL</a> logic <br /> ICs can sink up to 16mA but only source 2mA. <br /> <br /> <br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Using diodes to combine outputs</h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" alt="using diodes to combine outputs" border="0" height="225" hspace="20" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/diodeout.gif" width="202" /> <br /> The outputs of ICs must never be directly connected together. However, diodes <br /> can be used to combine two or more digital (high/low) outputs from an IC such as <br /> a counter. This can be a useful way of producing simple logic functions without <br /> using logic gates! <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The diagram shows two ways of combining outputs using diodes. <br /> The diodes must be capable of passing the output current. 1N4148 signal diodes <br /> are suitable for low current devices such as LEDs. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For example the outputs Q0 - Q9 of a<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4017">4017</a> 1-of-10 <br /> counter go high in turn. Using diodes to combine the 2nd (Q1) and 4th (Q3) <br /> outputs as shown in the bottom diagram will make the LED flash twice followed by <br /> a longer gap. The diodes are performing the function of an<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm#or">OR gate</a>. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Example projects:<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/trafficlight.htm">Traffic Light</a> <br /> | <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/dice.htm">Dice</a> |<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/lighthouse.htm">Model Lighthouse</a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><div style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" alt="555 and 556 pins" border="0" height="354" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/555-556.gif" vspace="10" width="268" /><br /> <br /> </div><h3 style="text-align: justify;">The 555 and 556 Timers</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">The 8-pin 555 timer IC is used in many projects, a popular <br /> version is the NE555. Most circuits will just specify '555 timer IC' and the <br /> NE555 is suitable for these. The 555 output (pin 3) can<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource">sink and <br /> source</a> up to 200mA. This is more than most ICs and it is sufficient to <br /> supply LEDs, relay coils and low current lamps. To switch larger currents you <br /> can <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic">connect a transistor</a>.<br /> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The 556 is a dual version of the 555 housed in a 14-pin <br /> package. The two timers (A and B) share the same power supply pins. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Low power versions of the 555 are made, such as the ICM7555, <br /> but these should only be used when specified (to increase battery life) because <br /> their maximum output current of about 20mA (with 9V supply) is too low for many <br /> standard 555 circuits. The ICM7555 has the same pin arrangement as a standard <br /> 555. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For further information please see the page on<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm">555 and 556 timer circuits</a>.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Logic ICs (chips)</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">Logic ICs process <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/analogue.htm#digital"><br /> digital signals</a> and there are many devices, including<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm">logic gates</a>, flip-flops, <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">shift registers, counters and display drivers. They can be split into two groups <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">according to their pin arrangements: the<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#4000">4000 series</a> and <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">the <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#74">74 series</a> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">which consists of various families such as the 74HC, 74HCT and 74LS.<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #006600;"><b>For most new projects the 74HC family is the best <br /> choice.</b></span> The older 4000 series is the only family which works with a <br /> supply voltage of more than 6V. The 74LS and 74HCT families require a 5V supply <br /> so they are not convenient for battery operation. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The table below summarises the important properties of the most popular logic <br /> families: <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><table border="1" cellpadding="2" height="788" id="table3" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 430px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Property</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">4000 Series</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">74 Series<br /> <br /> 74HC</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">74 Series<br /> <br /> 74HCT</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">74 Series<br /> <br /> 74LS</span></b><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Technology</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CMOS</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">High-speed CMOS</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">High-speed CMOS<br /> <br /> TTL compatible</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">TTL</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Low-power <br /> Schottky</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Power Supply</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3 to 15V</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2 to 6V</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5V ±0.5V</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5V ±0.25V</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Inputs</span></b><br /> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Very high impedance. Unused inputs must <br /> be connected to +Vs or 0V. Inputs cannot be reliably driven by 74LS <br /> outputs unless a 'pull-up' resistor is used (see below).</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Very high impedance. Unused inputs must be connected <br /> to +Vs or 0V. Compatible with 74LS (TTL) outputs.</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">'Float' high to logic 1 if unconnected. 1mA must be <br /> drawn out to hold them at logic 0.</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Outputs</span></b><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Can<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource">sink <br /> and source</a> about 5mA (10mA with 9V supply), enough to light an LED. <br /> To switch larger currents use a<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic">transistor</a>.</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Can<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource">sink <br /> and source</a> about 20mA, enough to light an LED. To switch larger <br /> currents use a <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic"><br /> transistor</a>.</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Can<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource">sink <br /> and source</a> about 20mA, enough to light an LED. To switch larger <br /> currents use a <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic"><br /> transistor</a>.</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Can<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource">sink</a> <br /> up to 16mA (enough to light an LED), but<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource"><br /> source</a> only about 2mA. To switch larger currents use a<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic">transistor</a>.</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fan-out</span></b><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">One output can drive up to 50 CMOS, 74HC or 74HCT <br /> inputs, but only one 74LS input.</span><br /> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">One output can drive up to 50 CMOS, 74HC <br /> or 74HCT inputs, but only 10 74LS inputs.</span><br /> </td> <td><span style="font-size: x-small;">One output can drive up to 10 74LS inputs or 50 74HCT <br /> inputs.</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Maximum Frequency</span></b><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">about 1MHz</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">about 25MHz</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">about 25MHz</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">about 35MHz</span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Power consumption</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /> <br /> of the IC itself</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A few µW.</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A few µW.</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A few µW.</span><br /> </td> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A few mW.</span><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" alt="using a pull-up resistor" border="0" height="150" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/pullup.gif" vspace="10" width="248" />Mixing <br /> Logic Families<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is best to build a circuit using just one logic family, <br /> but if necessary the different families may be mixed providing the power supply <br /> is suitable for all of them. For example mixing 4000 and 74HC requires the power <br /> supply to be in the range 3 to 6V. A circuit which includes 74LS or 74HCT ICs <br /> must have a 5V supply. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A 74LS output cannot reliably drive a 4000 or 74HC input <br /> unless a 'pull-up' resistor of 2.2k<img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" width="12" /> <br /> is connected between the +5V supply and the input to correct the slightly <br /> different logic voltage ranges used. <br /> <br /> Note that a 4000 series output can drive only one 74LS input.<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small><b>Driving 4000 or 74HC inputs from a<br /> <br /> 74LS output using a pull-up resistor</b>. <br /> </small><br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><h4 style="text-align: justify;">4000 Series CMOS</h4><div style="text-align: justify;">This family of logic ICs is numbered from 4000 onwards, and from 4500 <br /> onwards. They have a B at the end of the number (e.g. 4001B) which refers to an <br /> improved design introduced some years ago. Most of them are in 14-pin or 16-pin <br /> packages. They use <b>CMOS circuitry</b> which means they use very little power <br /> and can tolerate a wide range of power supply voltages (3 to 15V) making them <b><br /> ideal for battery powered projects</b>. CMOS is pronounced 'see-moss' and stands <br /> for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">However the CMOS circuitry also means that they are<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#static">static sensitive</a>. <br /> Touching a pin while charged with static electricity (from your clothes for <br /> example) may damage the IC. In fact most ICs in regular use are quite tolerant <br /> and earthing your hands by touching a metal water pipe or window frame before <br /> handling them will be adequate. ICs should be left in their protective packaging <br /> until you are ready to use them. For the more sensitive (and expensive!) ICs <br /> special equipment is available, including earthed wrist straps and earthed work <br /> surfaces. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For further information, including pin connections, please use the quick <br /> links on the right or go to<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm">4000 Series ICs</a>.<br /> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small>Quick links to<br /> <br /> individual ICs<a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4000"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /> </span></a></small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4000">4000</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4060">4060</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4001">4001</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4068">4068</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4002">4002</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4069">4069</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4011">4011</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4070">4070</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4012">4012</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4071">4071</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4017">4017</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4072">4072</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4020">4020</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4073">4073</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4023">4023</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4075">4075</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4024">4024</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4077">4077</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4025">4025</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4081">4081</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4026">4026</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4082">4082</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4028">4028</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4093">4093</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4029">4029</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4510">4510</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4030">4030</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4511">4511</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4040">4040</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4516">4516</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4049">4049</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4518">4518</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4050">4050</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/cmos.htm#4520">4520</a></small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" /><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" height="14" id="table6" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 19px;"> <tbody></tbody></table><h4 style="text-align: justify;">4 Series: 74LS, 74HC and 74HCT</h4><div style="text-align: justify;">There are several families of logic ICs numbered from 74xx00 onwards with <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">letters (xx) in the middle of the number to indicate the type of circuitry, eg <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">74LS00 and 74HC00. The original family (now obsolete) had no letters, eg 7400.<br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The <b>74LS</b> (Low-power Schottky) family (like the original) uses TTL <br /> (Transistor-Transistor Logic) circuitry which is fast but requires more power <br /> than later families. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The <b>74HC</b> family has High-speed CMOS circuitry, combining the speed of <br /> TTL with the very low power consumption of the 4000 series. They are CMOS ICs <br /> with the same pin arrangements as the older 74LS family. Note that 74HC inputs <br /> cannot be reliably driven by 74LS outputs because the voltage ranges used for <br /> logic 0 are not quite compatible, use 74HCT instead. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The <b>74HCT</b> family is a special version of 74HC with 74LS TTL-compatible <br /> inputs so 74HCT can be safely mixed with 74LS in the same system. In fact 74HCT <br /> can be used as low-power direct replacements for the older 74LS ICs in most <br /> circuits. The minor disadvantage of 74HCT is a lower immunity to noise, but this <br /> is unlikely to be a problem in most situations. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Beware that the 74 series is often still called the 'TTL series' even <br /> though the latest ICs do not use TTL!</i> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For further information, including pin connections, please use the quick <br /> links on the right or go to<br /> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm">74 series ICs</a>.<br /> <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small>Quick links to<br /> <br /> individual ICs</small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small><br /> </small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><small><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7400">7400</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7432">7432</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7402">7402</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7442">7442</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7403">7403</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7447">7447</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7404">7404</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7486">7486</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7405">7405</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7490">7490</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7408">7408</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7493">7493</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7409">7409</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74132">74132</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7410">7410</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74160">74160</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7411">7411</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74161">74161</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7412">7412</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74162">74162</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7414">7414</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74163">74163</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7420">7420</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74192">74192</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7421">7421</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74193">74193</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7427">7427</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74390">74390</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#7430">7430</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74393">74393</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74HC4017">74HC4017</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74HC4020">74HC4020</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74HC4040">74HC4040</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74HC4060">74HC4060</a> <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/74series.htm#74HC4511">74HC4511</a></small><br /> <small> </small><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The CMOS circuitry used in the <b>74HC</b> and <b>74HCT</b> series ICs means <br /> that they are <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#static"><br /> static sensitive</a>. Touching a pin while charged with static electricity (from <br /> your clothes for example) may damage the IC. In fact most ICs in regular use are <br /> quite tolerant and earthing your hands by touching a metal water pipe or window <br /> frame before handling them will be adequate. ICs should be left in their <br /> protective packaging until you are ready to use them. <br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div></p><br/> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='blog-pager' id='blog-pager'> <span id='blog-pager-newer-link'> <a class='blog-pager-newer-link' href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/2009/12/transistor-with-heat-sinks.html' id='Blog1_blog-pager-newer-link' title='Newer Post'><img src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_4HKUHirY_2U/S6m5e0cYhNI/AAAAAAAAA3k/l5NjHVnRsAs/Back.png' style='border:none;'/></a> </span> <span id='blog-pager-older-link'> <a class='blog-pager-older-link' href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/2009/12/diodes-and-maximum-reverse-voltage.html' id='Blog1_blog-pager-older-link' title='Older Post'><img src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_4HKUHirY_2U/S6m5fB744CI/AAAAAAAAA3s/T-lhMGLFIg4/Forward.png' style='border:none;'/></a> </span> <a class='home-link' href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/'><img src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_4HKUHirY_2U/S6m5fizoW_I/AAAAAAAAA30/nA3_ynDon58/Home.png' style='border:none;'/></a> </div> <div class='clear'></div> <div class='post-feeds'> <div class='feed-links'> Subscribe to: <a class='feed-link' href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/feeds/4620614720957837427/comments/default' target='_blank' type='application/atom+xml'>Post Comments (Atom)</a> </div> </div> <span> </span> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn'>dEEp</span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/2009/12/integrated-circuits-chips-with-details.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' title='2009-12-13T10:12:00+05:30'>10:12 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/5629619807493710609/4620614720957837427' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='http://www.blogger.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com/search/label/electronics' rel='tag'>electronics</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></div> </div> </div> <div class='comments' id='comments'> <a name='comments'></a> <h4> 0 comments: </h4> <dl class='avatar-comment-indent' id='comments-block'> </dl> <p class='comment-footer'> <div class='lbkform'> <a name='comment-form'></a> <h4 id='comment-post-message'>Post a Comment</h4> <p>YOU CAN POST A COMMENT TO THIS BLOG!!!!!!</p> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/frame/5629619807493710609?po=4620614720957837427&hl=en&saa=85391&origin=http://your1clicksongs.blogspot.com' id='comment-editor-src'></a> <iframe allowtransparency='true' class='blogger-iframe-colorize blogger-comment-from-post' frameborder='0' height='410' id='comment-editor' name='comment-editor' src='' width='100%'></iframe>  <script src='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/jsbin/1167892209-comment_from_post_iframe.js' type='text/javascript'></script> <script type='text/javascript'> BLOG_CMT_createIframe('https://www.blogger.com/rpc_relay.html', '0'); 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12/13/09

Integrated Circuits (Chips) with details of some series ICs